As the Responsible Person for fire safety in a housing environment — whether you manage a block of flats, supported living accommodation, or a housing association — ensuring your building is protected against the spread of fire is not just a legal obligation. It’s a life-saving responsibility.
One of the most overlooked, yet vital, components of fire safety is compartmentation. In this article, we’ll explore what compartmentation is, why compartmentation surveys are essential in residential buildings, and how they help you stay compliant with UK fire safety regulations.
What Is Compartmentation in Fire Safety?
Compartmentation is a passive fire protection strategy that involves dividing a building into separate, fire-resistant sections or “compartments.” These are created using fire-rated walls, floors, ceilings, doors, and cavity barriers.
In the event of a fire, these barriers are designed to:
- Contain the spread of fire and smoke,
- Protect escape routes for residents,
- Support “stay put” policies in high-rise residential buildings,
- Allow fire services more time to respond and control the incident.
Why Compartmentation Surveys Are Important in Housing
A compartmentation survey is a detailed inspection that checks whether your building’s fire compartments are still intact and functioning as designed. This is especially important in housing, where breaches may go unnoticed after maintenance or refurbishment work.
Key reasons to conduct regular compartmentation surveys:
- Protect Residents and Save Lives
In multi-occupancy buildings, especially those with vulnerable tenants (e.g., care homes or supported living), a fire-resistant structure can mean the difference between life and death. Compartmentation slows fire spread, providing vital time for escape or rescue.
- Meet Legal Requirements
Under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 and updated legislation like the Fire Safety Act 2021 and Building Safety Act 2022, the Responsible Person must ensure fire-resisting structures are maintained. A formal compartmentation survey provides documented evidence of compliance.
- Identify Hidden Fire Risks
Service penetrations (holes for pipes, cables, ducts) often get damaged or left unsealed after maintenance. Even small gaps compromise fire resistance. A compartmentation survey reveals these hidden risks so you can fix them before they become a hazard.
- Support Passive Fire Protection Strategy
Passive fire protection is as important as fire alarms and sprinklers. Surveys help maintain this “invisible” layer of safety that protects residents, staff, and emergency responders.
- Reduce Liability and Insurance Risks
Insurers increasingly ask for proof of passive fire safety measures. A lack of fire-stopping or failed compartmentation can void policies or increase premiums. Regular surveys reduce long-term financial and legal risks.
Who Should Carry Out a Compartmentation Survey?
Compartmentation surveys should be conducted by competent fire safety professionals, preferably third-party accredited (e.g., FIRAS, BM TRADA). The survey includes visual and physical inspections, detailed reporting, and prioritised recommendations for remedial works.
Take Action: Make Fire Safety a Priority
If you are the Responsible Person for a residential building, don’t wait for a fire risk assessment to flag major issues. Be proactive:
- Commission a compartmentation survey regularly.
- Include fire-stopping checks after any building works.
- Maintain clear records for compliance and audits.
Compartmentalisation saves lives. It’s time to make it a core part of your fire safety management plan.